The short answer
Yes. WhatsApp, Telegram, Signal and your bank app are all tied to the number you registered with, not to the SIM providing data. A travel eSIM only carries data, so your apps keep working exactly as they did, on the same number.
Yes, and you keep the same number. Here is why, and the one setting that catches people out.
Why your number does not change
A travel eSIM of this kind is data only. It has no phone number of its own that you would use, and it does not replace your home SIM, which stays in the phone and keeps your number registered.
WhatsApp does not care which connection carries its traffic. It cares which number the account belongs to, and that has not changed.
The setting that catches people out
Text messages and calls still travel over your home network, so they can still be charged at roaming rates even while your data is coming from the travel eSIM.
If you rely on SMS codes from your bank, leave your home SIM switched on to receive them, and accept that an incoming text may cost a little. Turning the home line off entirely is what stops those codes arriving.
Common questions
Will people see a different number when I message them?
No. Your WhatsApp, Telegram and Signal accounts stay on your own number, because a data-only eSIM does not change the number your phone is registered with.
Can I make normal phone calls over a travel eSIM?
Not ordinary calls, because it carries data only. Calls through WhatsApp, FaceTime or any other app work perfectly well, since those are data.
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